Fig. 5

Adipsin improves cardiac function, reduces mitochondrial cristae damage, and improves mitochondrial function through Irak2 signaling pathway. a Echocardiographic results and quantitative analysis of echocardiographic data including LVEF, LVFS, LVIDd and LVIDs (n = 8). b Pulse-wave Doppler results and quantitative analysis of the E/A ratio (n = 8). c Transmission electron microscopic images of myocardium from different groups (n = 8). Scale bar = 500 nm. d OCR in cardiomyocytes from various treatment groups, and quantitative statistical analysis of OCR including basal respiration, ATP production, maximal respiration and spare respiration capacity. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA. All data are represented with mean ± SD. ^†P < 0.05 vs. CHD + WT; ^‡P < 0.05 vs. HFD + NTg + Ad-shControl; ^*P < 0.05 vs. Con; ^§P < 0.05 vs. PA + Ad-Control + siControl. CHD chow diet, HFD high-fat diet, Adipsin-Tg Adipsin tissue-specific transgenic mice, NTg nontransgenic mice, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LVFS left ventricular fractional shortening, LVIDd end-diastolic left ventricular internal diameters, LVIDs end-systolic left ventricular internal diameters, E/A the ratio of mitral peak velocity of early filling (E) to mitral peak velocity of late filling (A), OCR oxygen consumption rate, OM oligomycin, FCCP fluoro-carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone, Rot/AA rotenone and antimycin A, PA palmitate, Irak2 interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-like 2, siControl control small interfering RNA