Fig. 1

Meta-omics for host-microbiome interactions. Consolidation of data from meta-omics approaches provides expanded insights into microbiome capabilities, including metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, and metabolomics. Currently, the most extensively practiced of the four omics are metagenomics and metabolomics. A cluster of pipelines for the proper execution of meta-omics research is presented, which inspects diverse aspects of the gut ecosystem at multiple levels with their advantages. GC gas chromatography, LC liquid chromatography, MS mass spectrometry, NMR nuclear magnetic resonance, WGS whole genome sequencing, gDNA genomic DNA, cDNA complementary DNA