Fig. 2

Metabolic signatures of the exercise session in the blood plasma. a Plasma lipidomics profile comparing prior and after the exercise session. The bar graph shows the percentage up and down-regulated species in each lipid class. The asterisks represent classes of lipids that are significantly enriched (Fisher’s exact test P ≤ 0.05) with differential abundant species, as determined using Lipid MiniOn. b Relationship between the total number of double bonds in triacylglycerol species and fold change comparing post- versus pre-exercise. c Relationship between the total number of carbons in fatty acids of triacylglycerol species and fold change comparing post- versus pre-exercise. d Boxplot of abundance ratios of lipid metabolism molecules comparing pre- and post-exercise sessions. Diamonds represent outlying data points. e Levels of molecules from the central carbon metabolism in plasma comparing pre- and post-exercise sessions. f Boxplot of abundance ratios of ATP catabolites in plasma comparing pre- and post-exercise sessions. g Relative quantification of the plasma urea levels using the GC–MS-based metabolomics data. h Quantification of the urine urea concentrations using a colorimetric assay. ALDOA aldolase A, Down significantly (Student’s t-test P ≤ 0.05) down-regulated molecule, ENO1 enolase 1, HK3 hexokinase 3, IDH1 isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, LDHA lactate dehydrogenase, ns non-significant, PGAM4 phosphoglycerate mutase family member 4, Up significantly up-regulated molecule, ns non-significant, TG triacylglycerol, TKT transketolase