Fig. 3

The application of skin organoid. There are three primary application areas of skin organoids, each with representative works. a Developmental research: skin organoids provide an opportunity to investigate the impact of chemical signaling on skin maturation. This field enables researchers to delve into the mechanisms that govern the development of the skin. b Disease modeling: skin organoids serve as valuable model systems for studying various skin infections such as atopic dermatitis, inherited skin diseases, skin cancers, and environmental exposures including ionizing radiation and chemicals. They offer a platform for understanding disease mechanisms, developing treatments, and conducting drug screening. c Regenerative medicine: skin organoids offer insights into the pathophysiology of wounds resulting from surgery, trauma, or burns. They also hold promise for applications in aesthetic surgery for facial repair and for treating conditions like alopecia that involve the loss of skin appendages. The use of patient-derived skin organoids in a 3D culture system has been explored for the therapy of inherited diseases