Table 2 Mechanism and composition of responsive hydrogel wound dressing for diabetes
Responsivity | Mechanism | Therapeutic agent | Materials | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | Acylhydrazone bond and imine bond | Insulin | N-carboxyethyl chitosan, dihydrazine adipate and hyaluronic acid–aldehyde | [95] |
Imine bond | Ceftazidime | ODex and AMP DP7 (VQWRIRVAVIRK) | [27] | |
AgNPs and pro-angiogenic drug DFO | Dopamine, ODex polymers | [96] | ||
Umbilical cord stem cell factor | Collagen- and aldehyde-modified PEG | [97] | ||
Exchange of sodium and calcium ions | Protamine nanoparticles and hyaluronan oligosaccharides | Na-alginate and Ca2+ ions | [98] | |
Hydrogen bond and hydrazone bond | Metformin | Hyaluronic acid and collagen | [99] | |
ROS | Borate ester bond | Mupirocin, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor | N1, N1, N3, N3-tetramethylpropane-1, 3-diaminium and PVA | [25] |
Hydrogen bond | No | Quaternized chitosan and TA | [100] | |
Phenylboronic ester bond | No | PPBA, TA and PVA | [93] | |
Phenylboronic ester bond | Doxycycline hydrochloride | Sodium alginate and sodium hyaluronate modified by 3-aminophenylboric acid and PVA | [101] | |
Enzyme | MMP degradable peptide | ADSC-exo | Four-arm PEG functionalized by maleimide, the substrate peptides of MMP [MMP(W)x] and PFG-dithiol | [87] |
Metal chelating and hydrogen bond | Curcumin | L-carnosine (b-alanyl-L-histidine) and silk fibroin | [102] | |
Glucose | Borate bonds | Insulin | Gelatin methacrylate, 4-(2-acrylamide ethyl aminoformyl)-3-fluorobenzene boric acid and gluconic acid (G-insulin) | [103] |
GOX | Deferoxamine mesylate | IDA, DFO, Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, and GOX | [94] | |
Phenylboronic ester bonds | No | PEG-DA and PBA modified hyaluronic acid | [104] | |
Phenylboronic ester bonds | No | PBA modified hyaluronic acid methacrylate and catechin | [105] | |
pH/ROS | Amide bond and imine bond, mercaptan group | Zinc oxide nanoparticles, paeoniflorin | Ethylenediamine-modified gelatin and oxidized dextra | [89] |
Boronic ester bonds and imine bond | Diclofenac sodium, mangiferin | Phenylboronic acid grafted oxyglucan and caffeic acid grafted ε-polylysine | [83] | |
Phenylboronic ester bonds | Vancomycin-conjugated silver nanoclusters, nimesulide | Phenylboronic acid-modified gel and PVA | [106] | |
pH/glucose | Benzoic-imine bonds and phenylboronic ester bonds | Insulin and fibroblasts | Phenylboronic-modified chitosan, PVA and benzaldehyde-capped poly(ethylene glycol) | [107] |
Imine bond and phenylborate bond | Metformin and graphene oxide | PEG-modified with formyl benzoic acid and PBA, Dihydrocaffeic acid and L-arginine grafted chitosan | [26] | |
pH/temperature | AAc, hydrophobic interaction | Ultrasmall AgNPs | N-PNIPAM and AAc | [22] |
Imine bond, hydrophobic interaction | The adipose mesenchymal stem cells -derived exosomes | Pluronic F127, oxide hyaluronic acid and poly-ε-L-lysine | [66] | |
Sulfonamide groups, hydrophobic interaction | No | Poly(sulfamethazine ester urethane), PEG | [108] | |
Temperature/enzyme | Gelatin (substrate of MMP-9), hydrophobic interaction | Curcumin | Gelatin and Pluronic F127 | [70] |
Photo/magnetic | MNPs@MXene, hydrophobic interaction | AgNPs | Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles, PNIPAM and alginate | [109] |