Table 6 Summary of EVs combined with hydrogels used in wound repair
Years | Biomaterial type | EV source | Disease model | Feature | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | PF-127 HucMSC-EV hydrogel | HucMSC-derived EVs | SD diabetic rat full-thickness cutaneous skin resection model | Temperature sensitivity | [112] |
2021 | HucMSC-EV-loaded genipin-crosslinked hydrogel | HucMSC-derived EVs | Mouse full-thickness cutaneous skin resection model | Biodegradable, temperature and pH sensitive | [228] |
2020 | Chitosan hydrogel@ hEnSC-EV | hEnSC-derived EVs | BALB/c mouse full-thickness cutaneous skin resection model | Biodegradable | [229] |
2020 | CTS-SF/SA/Ag-Exo dressing | HucMSC-derived EVs | BALB/c male mouse infected full-thickness cutaneous skin resection model | Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, promoting wound healing, retaining moisture, maintaining electrolyte balance | [226] |
2020 | OxOBand (PUAO-CPO-EXO scaffolds) | ADMSC-derived EVs | Wistar diabetic rat infected full-thickness cutaneous skin resection model | Provide cell migration matrix, provide continuous oxygen to regenerate tissue, reduce oxidative stress, induce angiogenesis and proper collagen remodeling in regenerating tissue | [225] |
2019 | PF-127 hydrogel PD-L1-EV | Sk-mel-5 human malignant melanoma cells and B16F10 mouse melanoma cells EVs | BALB/c mouse full-thickness cutaneous skin resection model | Temperature sensitivity, protective effects against infection and inflammation, immunosuppression | [128] |
2019 | FHE@EV hydrogel (F127/OHA-EPL ADMSC-EV) | ADMSC-derived EVs | Diabetic mouse full-thickness cutaneous skin resection model | Injectable, self-healing and antibacterial, stimuli-responsive EV release | [227] |
2022 | HA@MnO2/FGF-2/Exo hydrogel | M2 macrophage-derived EVs | C57BL/6J diabetic mouse full-thickness cutaneous skin resection model | Rapid hemostasis, long-term antibacterial effects, oxidative stress reduction, oxygenated environment, injectable, adhesive, self-healing, timed release | [230] |
2021 | TISSEEL-PEP | Platelet-derived EVs | New Zealand great white rabbit ischemia full-thickness skin resection wound model | Clinical ease of use, promotion of angiogenesis, collagen reorganization, and skin regeneration | [231] |
2020 | ADMSC-EV-loaded Alg hydrogel | ADMSC-derived EVs | Wistar rat full-thickness cutaneous skin resection model | High biocompatibility, biodegradability, nonantigenicity, high water absorption | [232] |
2019 | FEP@ADMSC-EVs | ADMSC-derived EVs | ICR diabetic mice full-thickness cutaneous skin resection model | Thermosensitivity, injectability, self-healing, adhesion, antimicrobial, hemostasis, UV shielding | [233] |
2018 | Curcuma zedoaria polysaccharide PRP-Exos/ZWP | PRP-derived EVs | SD diabetic rat full-thickness cutaneous skin resection model | Hypoglycemic effect and weight loss reduction, hemostatic, antibacterial, biocompatible, and biodegradable | [234] |
2017 | GMSC Exos@chitosan/silk hydrogel sponge | GMSC-derived EVs | Diabetic mice full-thickness cutaneous skin resection model | Hemostatic, antibacterial, biocompatible and biodegradable | [90] |
2017 | SMSC-126-Exos@chitosan | SMSC-derived EVs | SD diabetic rat full-thickness cutaneous skin resection model | Angiogenesis | [46] |
2022 | MSC-Exos@CEC-DCMC HG | BMSC-derived EVs | SD diabetic rat full-thickness cutaneous skin resection model | Regulates the polarity of macrophages, promotion of angiogenesis, antibacterial | [235] |