Table 2 Fluorescence probe for imaging ONOO⁻ as an RA biomarker

MITO-CC

473/651

Ratiometric

Mitochondria

20 s

11.3 nmol/L

Exogenous ONOO⁻ imaging in cells and an LPS-stimulated inflamed mouse model; mitochondria colocalization experiments

Ratio-A

564/700

Ratiometric

–

10 s

28.06 nmol/L

Exogenous ONOO⁻ imaging in RAW 264.7 cells and arthritis mouse models

MULTI-ONOO

468/526/706

Ratiometric

–

20 s

11.6 nmol/L

Exogenous ONOO⁻ imaging in RAW 264.7 cells, arthritis tissues and arthritis mouse models

DPPO-PN

632

Turn-on

–

30 s

10 nmol/L

Exogenous ONOO⁻ imaging in RAW 264.7 cells, HeLa cells and arthritis mouse models

DSNP@A

1060/1525

Ratiometric

–

–

0.8 µmol/L

Endogenous ONOO⁻ imaging in an autoimmune induced RA mouse model

CSU-FT

468/576/706

Ratiometric

–

20 s

11.7 nmol/L

Exogenous ONOO⁻ imaging in RAW 264. 7 cells and arthritis mouse models