Strategies | Natural biomaterials | Methods, the involved strains or cells, and results | References |
---|---|---|---|
Novel chassis strains/cells | γ-PGA | Produced in engineering bacteria for high production | [66] |
AMPs | Produced in C. reinhardtii for stable expression of AMPs | [71] | |
PLA & PLGA | Produced in engineered E. coli | [72] | |
PHAs | Produced in H. bluephagenesis under high salt concentration and non-sterile conditions | [72] | |
PHAs | Produced in engineered C. glutamicum for PHAs with free exotoxins and endotoxins | [73] | |
HA | Produced in engineered C. glutamicum for HA with free exotoxins and endotoxins | [73] | |
Alginate | Produced in engineering bacteria for high production | [96] | |
Cellulose | Produced in Acetobacteraceae, Gluconacetobacter and Komagataeibacter for a large proportion of cellulose | [76] | |
Collagen | Produced in engineering bacteria for high production | [99] | |
Fibroin | Produced in engineered B. subtilis, S. cerevisiae and Chinese hamster ovary cells | ||
Synthetic biology tools | PHAs | Manipulated the PHA synthesis-related genes via CRISPR-Cas9 | [94] |
 | Increased the production of PHB via optimization of ribosomal binding site | [87] | |
HA | Increased the production of HA via optimization of ribosomal binding site | [88] | |
Fibroin | Incorporated spider silk protein genes into the Bombyx mori genome via CRISPR-Cas9 | [84] | |
AMPs | Inserted hLYZ gene into the bovine β-casein locus via zinc finger nucleases | [85] | |
AMPs | Produced cecropin P1 with 31 amino acid residues and hBD-2 in cell-free biosynthesis system | [86] | |
Metabolic engineering | PHAs | Increased the production of PHA via PadhE, GabD, MCC, UdhA, FadA, FadB, FtsZ and MreB | |
HA | Regulated HA via genes DivIVA and FtsZ down or up | [101] | |
Collagen | Increased the production of human-like collagen via optimization of carbon/nitrogen molar ratios | [99] | |
Alginate | Metabolic flux analysis shows higher production of alginate acetylation in the cultures with limited oxygen | [98] | |
Cellulose | Biomaterial properties of bacterial cellulose can be regulated through metabolic flux | [100] | |
AI & ML | AMPs | Predicted new AMPs via neural network | [102] |
HA | Predicted multiple genes expression in a pathway of HA based on AI | [108] | |
HA | Simplified pathway design of HA via AI | [108] | |
PHAs | Predicted the Tg of PHAs via recurrent neural network | ||
Cellulose | Predicted the location of PHA-accumulating bacteria in a mixed microbial culture by recurrent neural network | [111] | |
Collagen | Deduced the tensile strength of PLA fused deposition models by Taguchi L9 orthogonal array | [108] | |
Cellulose | Enzymatic kinetics of cellulose synthesis was described by artificial neural networks |