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Table 3 The comparison between pneumonia caused by SARS-COV-2 and other four common kinds of respiratory viruses*

From: Comparison of acute pneumonia caused by SARS-COV-2 and other respiratory viruses in children: a retrospective multi-center cohort study during COVID-19 outbreak

Measures

COVID-19 pneumonia (n = 40)

RSV pneumonia (n = 133)

Influenza A and B pneumonia (n = 57)

Parainfluenza virus pneumonia (n = 29)

Human adenovirus pneumonia (n = 25)

Age

 Median (yr)

7.0

2.6

4.0

3.4

3.9

  < 1 yr [n (%)]

4 (10.0)

25 (18.8)

6 (10.5)

5 (17.2)

1 (4.0)

 1–5 yr [n (%)]

11 (27.5)

108 (81.2)

42 (73.7)

23 (79.3)

17 (68.0)

 6–10 yr [n (%)]

15 (37.5)

0 (0.0)

8 (14.0)

1 (3.4)

7 (28.0)

 11–18 yr [n (%)]

10 (25.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.8)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

Male [n (%)]

18 (45.0)

73 (54.9)

30 (52.6)

19 (65.5)

16 (64.0)

 Underlying chronic disease [n (%)]

2 (5.0)

10 (7.5)

3 (5.3)

1 (3.4)

2 (8.0)

 Chronic lung disease (repeated wheezing)

1 (2.5)

5 (3.8)

2 (3.5)

1 (3.4)

2 (8.0)

 Heart disease

0 (0.0)

1 (0.8)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 Others

1 (2.5)

4 (3.0)

1 (1.8)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

Symptoms and signs

 Fever [n (%)]

22 (55.0)

105 (78.9)

49 (86.0)

15 (51.7)

22 (88.0)

 Duration of fever [d, median (IQR)]

2 (1–3)

3 (2–5)

4 (2.5–6.0)

3 (2–4)

5 (2.00–8.25)

 Highest temperature [n (%)]

   < 37.3 °C

18 (45.0)

28 (21.0)

8 (14.0)

14 (48.3)

3 (12.0)

  37.4–37.9 °C

8 (20.0)

7 (5.3)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

  38.0–38.9 °C

11 (27.5)

23 (17.3)

12 (21.0)

4 (13.8)

0 (0.0)

   > 39.0 °C

3 (7.5)

75 (56.4)

37 (64.9)

11 (37.9)

22 (88.0)

 Cough [n (%)]

6 (15.0)

119 (89.5)

53 (93.0)

26 (89.6)

19 (76.0)

 Dry cough [n (%)]

6 (15.0)

12 (9.0)

8 (14.0)

1 (3.4)

6 (24.0)

 Cough with sputum production [n (%)]

0 (0.0)

119 (89.5)

45 (78.9)

25 (86.2)

13 (52.0)

 Sore throat [n (%)]

1 (2.5)

2 (1.5)

5 (8.8)

0 (0.0)

1 (4.0)

 Rhinitis [n (%)]

1 (2.5)

65 (48.9)

21 (36.8)

18 (62.1)

8 (32.0)

 Short of breath [n (%)]

1 (2.5)

13 (9.8)

3 (5.3)

1 (3.4)

2 (8.0)

 Wheezing [n (%)]

0 (0.0)

28 (21.0)

3 (5.3)

2 (6.9)

2 (8.0)

 Gastrointestinal symptoms [n (%)]

1 (2.5)

7 (5.3)

4 (7.0)

2 (6.9)

1 (4.0)

 Fatigue or muscle aches [n (%)]

1 (2.5)

2 (1.5)

10 (17.5)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 Neurological symptoms [n (%)]

2 (5.0)

8 (6.0)

6 (10.5)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 Three depressions sign [n (%)]

1 (2.5)

20 (15.0)

3 (5.3)

3 (10.3)

5 (20.0)

 Low SaO2 of inhospital (≤95%) [n (%)]

1 (2.5)

4 (3.0)

1 (1.8)

1 (3.4)

3 (12.0)

Symptom duration [D; median (IQR)]

5 (0–8)

8 (5–10)

8 (5–10)

9 (6–11)

9 (4–12)

Severity [n (%)]

 Moderate

39 (97.5)

114 (85.7)

52 (91.2)

26 (89.7)

18 (72.0)

 Server or critical

1 (2.5)

19 (14.3)

5 (8.8)

3 (10.3)

7 (28.0)

Blood routine

 WBC [×109/L; median (IQR)]

5.3 (4.4–7.8)

8.6 (6.3–11.5)

7.0 (5.7–9.8)

7.7 (6.0–12.3)

9.3 (6.9–14.3)

   < 5.5 × 109/L [n (%)]

19 (47.5)

17 (12.8)

14 (24.6)

4 (13.8)

2 (8.0)

 Neutrophil count [×109/L,median (IQR)]

2.5 (1.9–3.3)

3.5 (2.2–4.8)

2.3 (1.6–3.9)

3.3 (2.6–4.9)

3.0 (1.8–4.4)

   < 1.1 × 109/L [n (%)]

3 (7.5)

0 (0.0)

10 (17.5)

0 (0.0)

1 (4.0)

 Platelet count [× 109/L, median (IQR)]

253.0 (217.2.0–320.0)

285.0 (224.0–366.8)

246.5 (187.3–298.5)

262.0 (173.5–325.0)

259.0 (193.0–313.8)

   < 120 × 109/L [n (%)]

1 (2.5)

5 (3.8)

2 (3.5)

1 (3.4)

1 (4.0)

Infection biomarkers [n (%)]

 PCT (> 0.25 ng/ml)

2/34 (5.9)

28/88 (31.8)

15/46 (32.6)

7/19 (36.8)

14/21 (66.7)

 CRP (> 10 mg/L)

5/38 (13.2)

25/131 (19.1)

24 (42.1)

4/28 (14.3)

16 (64.0)

 ESR (> 20 s)

5/36 (13.9)

12/22 (54.5)

10/18 (55.6)

1/5 (20.0)

9/12 (7.5)

 IL-6 (> 20.9 ng/L)

5/34 (14.7)

25/80 (31.2)

9/31 (29.0)

6/17 (35.3)

15/23 (65.2)

Blood biochemistry

 LDH [U/L, median (IQR)]

210.0 (187.0–482.4)

361.0 (303.5–418.5)

363.5 (269.5–489.8)

310.5 (288.0–361.8)

342.0 (286.0–405.0)

   > 300 U/L [n (%)]

13/36 (36.1)

97/125 (77.6)

33/50 (66.0)

18/28 (64.3)

17 (68.0)

 ALT [U/L, median (IQR)]

12.5 (9.25–24.0)

18.0 (14.0–24.0)

15.0 (12.3–20.8)

16.5 (13.0–19.0)

15.5 (9.3–19.3)

   > 45 U/L [n (%)]

4 (10.0)

7/130 (5.4)

3/56 (5.4)

0/28 (0.0)

5/24 (20.8)

 AST [U/L, median (IQR)]

33.9 (19.8–41.3)

38.5 (33.0–46.0)

39.0 (28.5–46.8)

36.5 (32.3–42.3)

29.0 (23.0–37.5)

   > 50 U/L [n (%)]

4 (10.0)

19/130 (14.6)

8/56 (14.3)

2/28 (7.1)

1 (4.0)

 CK [U/L, median (IQR)]

70.0 (57.0–91.8)

113.0 (82.0–154.3)

122.5 (88.0–179.0)

110.5 (84.3–181.0)

86.0 (49.0–154.5)

   > 185 U/L [n (%)]

2/35 (5.7)

23/130 (17.7)

12/56 (21.4)

7/28 (25.0)

4 (16.0)

 CK-MB (> 27 U/L) [n (%)]

5/35 (14.3)

87/126 (69.0)

21/56 (37.5)

22 (75.9)

15/24 (62.5)

Humoral immunity [g/L, median (IQR)]

 Ig G

8.1 (4.8–10.6)

8.4 (6.4–10.2)

8.4 (6.9–10.6)

8.5 (6.5–10.6)

8.9 (7.2–9.9)

 Ig M

1.3 (1.0–1.6)

1.3 (0.8–1.8)

1.2 (1.1–1.5)

1.3 (1.0–1.8)

1.3 (0.9–1.5)

 Ig A

1.0 (0.5–1.3)

0.8 (0.5–0.1.3)

0.9 (0.5–1.4)

0.9 (0.6–1.4)

1.0 (0.7–1.2)

Co-infection [n (%)]

 Virus*

3 (7.5)

    

 Mycoplasma pneumoniae

9 (22.5)

21 (15.8)

16 (28.1)

2 (6.9)

9 (36.0)

Secondary-infection with Bacteria [n (%)]

0 (0.0)

25 (18.8)

6 (10.5)

6 (20.7)

5 (20.0)

Affected area on radiography [n (%)]

— no. (%)

 Left lung lobe

5 (12.5)

2/81 (2.5)

9/52 (17.3)

2/23 (8.7)

0/17 (0.0)

 Right lung lobe

14 (35.0)

16/81 (19.7)

17/52 (32.7)

3/23 (13.0)

1/17 (5.9)

 Bilateral lung lobe

21 (52.5)

63/81 (77.8)

26/52 (50.0)

18/23 (78.3)

16/17 (94.1)

CT images of the chest [n (%)]

 GGO

18 (45.0)

0/12 (0.0)

0/9 (0.0)

0/2 (0.0)

0/7 (0.0)

 Tiny nodules

6 (15.0)

0/12 (0.0)

1/9 (11.1)

0/2 (0.0)

0/7 (0.0)

 Consolidation

5 (12.5)

2/12 (16.7)

8/9 (88.9)

1/2 (50.0)

4/7 (57.1)

 Consolidation combined with GGO

4 (10.0)

1/12 (8.3)

0/9 (0.0)

0/2 (0.0)

0/7 (0.0)

 Cable shadow

11 (27.5)

5/12 (41.7)

4/9 (44.4)

0/2 (0.0)

5/7 (71.4)

 Light shadow

6 (15.0)

1/12 (8.3)

2/9 (22.2)

1/2 (50.0)

0/7 (0.0)

 Streak shadow

6 (15.0)

5/12 (41.7)

0/9 (0.0)

0/2 (0.0)

0/7 (0.0)

 Hydrothorax

1 (2.5)

0/12 (0.0)

0/9 (0.0)

0/2 (0.0)

1/7 (14.3)

  1. *. Missing data are present by a fraction. WBC. White blood cell. PCT. Procalcitonin. CRP. C-reactive protein. ESR. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate. IL-6. Interleukin-6. LDH. Lactate dehydrogenase. ALT. Alanine aminotransferase. AST. Aspartate aminotransferase. CK. Creatine kinase. CK-MB. Creatine kinase – MB. RSV. respiratory syncytial virus. GGO. Ground-glass opacity. *The blank in the column of co-infection was because viral pneumonia caused by multiple viruses was not included in this comparison. Of the 284 cases of viral pneumonia, 133 were caused by RSV, 57 were caused by influenza A or influenza B, 29 were caused by parainfluenza virus, 25 were caused by human adenovirus, 22 were caused by multiple viruses, six were caused by human rhinovirus, six were caused by human Boca virus and six cases were caused by other viruses. The comparison was made between pneumonia caused by SARS-COV-2 and other four common kinds of respiratory viruses
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