Fig. 3From: Efficient and rapid conversion of human astrocytes and ALS mouse model spinal cord astrocytes into motor neuron-like cells by defined small moleculesSmall molecules directly converted human astrocytes into neurons without passing through a proliferative neural progenitor cell (NPC) stage. a Representative images of the expression of the NPC markers NESTIN, PAX6, and SOX2 in human astrocyte-induced neurons after 2–3 days of induction. b Representative images of Ki67 expression after chemical induction compared to that observed in HA1800 and human NPCs (hNPCs). c Experimental design for the BrdU assay during chemical conversion. Cells were incubated with BrdU at the indicated times. d Immunostaining assay for BrdU/MAP2 in human astrocyte-induced neurons that were labeled with BrdU when incubated before small molecule treatment. e Immunostaining assay for BrdU/MAP2 in human astrocyte-induced neurons labeled with BrdU at 24 or 48 h after small molecule treatment. All scale bars = 50 μmBack to article page